[Time] index

Please hand in the report

before Friday (deadline: at 11:59pm on Thursday)

by Friday (deadline: at 11:59pm on Friday)

on later than Friday (deadline: at 11:59pm on Friday)

by the time = when

as of next month

有 3 個意思：

up to (截至): Here's the latest coronavirus news as of 12 pm on November 11.

on: the contract takes effect as of 1 January 2022.

from: As of next month, all the prices will go up.

[Gerunds and Infinitives] have/need to do is + V

All you have to do is + V

What you need to do is + V

[Gerunds and Infinitives] forgot /stop

 a. I forgot ___1.___ the door.

(= The door wasn't locked)

b. I forgot ___2.___ the door.

(= The door was locked and you just forgot about that.)

to lock; locking

a. We stop ___1.___ at him.

(= We were laughing at him, but now we stop.)

b. We stop ___2.___ at him.

(= We stop what we're doing and start to laugh at him.)

 laughing; to laugh

[Gerunds and Infinitives] Special Expressions Followed by -ing

 expression of time

We had fun	playing volleyball.
We had a good time

I had trouble	finding his house.
I had difficulty
I had a hard time
I had a difficult time

expression of time or money

Sam spends most of his time studying.

I waste a lot of time watching TV.

expression of place

She sat at her desk writing a letter.

I stood there wondering what to do next.

He is lying in bed reading a novel.

find/catch + (pro)nonu + ing

When I walked into my office, I found George using my telephone.

When I walked into my office, I caught a thief looking through my desk drawers.

 

忙碌，花錢，無路用輪流，好事，和壞事

忙碌：be busy ( in) Ving
花錢：spend (on) Ving
無路用：be no use Ving
輪流：take turns Ving
好事：have a good time Ving
和壞事：have a bad time (difficulty) Ving